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KIN-TEK makes all kinds of  disposable and refillable permeation tubes including permeation tubes for dopants of Phosgene, DMMP, Phospine, etc.  Dopants are use to validate the operation of trace detection systems that detect narcotics, explosives, and so forth.

As a leading manufacturer, KIN-TEK Trace Source™ permeation tubes and gas standards generators are found in applications of airport security, law enforcement, and the military, among others.

KIN-TEK Trace Source™ dopant permeation tubes are compatible with GE Trace Detection Systems, TSA airport security systems, etc. Dopants include Phosgene, DMMP, Phosphine, Arsine, Chlorine, HCN, etc. Please call on KIN-TEK to help you with your dopant requirements.

Example Problem: Emissions of hazardous air pollutants (HAPs).
In addition to the classical pollutants (SO₂& NO₂), petrochemical processes often emit other toxic chemicals via process stacks and as fugitive emissions.  Because these chemicals can affect the environmental quality and health of the surrounding areas, EPA requires monitoring and control of these emissions.  HAPs include HCl, HF, toxic organics, chlorinated compounds, and H₂S.

Process stacks are monitored by on-line Continuous Emissions Monitors (CEMs). Fugitive emissions are monitored by Fence Line Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Systems (FLAAQS).  Frequent calibration and daily validation of these monitors and systems are required by EPA regulations.

The toxic chemicals that are being monitored are very reactive and are not stable as cylinder mixtures.  Also when using gas cylinders, EPA procedures require large quantities of gas for each validation, which results in high operating costs.

KIN-TEK Solution: Flexstream™ Industrial Standards Generator provides standards that are NIST-traceable through physical measurement using permeation tubes.  Because EPA Protocol accepts permeation tube standards, the hazards of using high pressure cylinders is eliminated and the cost is reduced.  Plus using KIN-TEK  Trace Source™ disposable and refillable permeation tubes improve the accuracy of the analysis.

Example Problem: Work area safety – In the petrochemical and refinery processing plants, workplace air is monitored for many toxic compounds to assure safe working conditions. Examples of these compounds include:

• H₂S, SO₂, Cl₂, HCl, HF, NH₃, HCN

• Additional compounds include Ethylene Oxide, Methyl Iodide, Benzene, Styrene, Acrylonitrile and Isocyanates (among others).

• Area monitoring for these (and other) toxic compounds is typically performed by central monitoring systems and/or local sensors. Additionally, personal monitors, sorption tube samplers, and passive badges may be carried by operating personnel to track individual exposure during routine operation. These devices are all expected to read “zero”, or very near zero.

• To assure continuous protection for personnel, the performance of these area monitors must be validated periodically as prescribed by OSHA guidelines. As a minimum, continuous monitors need a frequent “bump check” – applying a gas standard to assure that they are operational. All of the listed compounds are reactive, polar compounds. And gas cylinder standards of these compounds have very poor stability.

KIN-TEK Solution: KIN-TEK’s Industrial Gas Standards Generator (Span Pac™ I series), Laboratory Gas Standards Generator (FlexStream™ and 491Flex™), and Portable Gas Standards Generator (Span Chek™ series) are used to generate the required standards at the desired concentrations.

Span Pac™ or 491Flex™ systems are used with local area sensors. FlexStream™ or 491Flex™ instruments are used in the laboratory to test sorption tubes and passive monitoring badges used for personal monitoring. The Span Chek™ instrument is portable and can be used both in and outside of the lab.

Trace Source™ permeation tubes (both disposable and refillable) are used to create standards that are traceable to NIST. Because the standard is created on-site and used immediately, the stability problems inherent with gas cylinder standards are avoided. One Trace Source permeation tube can do hundreds of validations.

Example Problem: Ion mobility spectrometers and other highly sensitivity detection systems can be used to locate the source for solvent and noxious or toxic vapors. Finding a significant source of solvent fumes in a residential area might, for example, indicate an illegal drug lab.

KIN-TEK Solution: For many solvents, a KIN-TEK LFH Trace Source™ Refillable Permeation Tube can be used at ambient temperature as a test source to validate instrument operation. For more quantitative work, FlexStream™, 491Flex™ or portable Span Chek™ generators are used to generate the desired concentration(s).

Example Problem: Trace detection of explosive chemicals for airport security requires sensitive equipment that must be checked frequently with dopant standards. Validating instrument operation in the field is crucial. To do this, officers and security personnel need a ready source of test mixture.

KIN-TEK Solution: KIN-TEK Trace Source™ dopant permeation tubes are used to validate instrument operation. KIN-TEK dopant permeation tubes are compatible with GE Trace Detection Systems, TSA airport security systems, etc. Dopants include Phosgene, DMMP, Phosphine, Arsine, Chlorine, HCN, etc.

Example Problem: The growing threat of terrorism has led to major efforts to develop  detection sensors and instruments to locate explosives and chemical and biological (CBW) weapons. These devices must detect ppb and ppt concentrations in a complex air matrix that may also be contaminated with a variety of industrial compounds. The Department of Defense and other government researchers need gas standards to evaluate the detectors being developed.

KIN-TEK Solution: Using disposable and/or refillable permeation tubes, KIN-TEK’s FlexStream™, 491Flex™ and EcoFlex™ Gas Standards Generators can generate the required concentrations of some common explosives and a wide range of CBW precursors, degradation products and agents in complex matrices.

For many applications, KIN-TEK Trace Source™ dopant permeation tubes can be used directly to validate device operation. Dopants include Phosgene, DMMP, Phosphine, Arsine, Chlorine, HCN, etc.

For CBW, KIN-TEK licenses and trains surety lab personnel to fill and certify permeations tubes, making it possible for them to fill permeation tubes with CBW or other restricted compounds.

Also refer to quality control as related to military applications.

Example Problem: Impurities in polymerization grade Ethylene and propylene.

Ethylene and propylene producers are primarily faced with product concerns.  The most common impurities (see Table 1) are monitored both on-line for process control and in the laboratory for product quality.

Calibration and routine validation of these systems are primary issues.  All of these chemicals are reactive and/or polar, and do not store reliably as static mixtures in cylinders.  This makes it extremely difficult, if not impossible, to know the accuracy of the standards being dispensed by these cylinders.

Table 1
	COS	H2S	Total Sulfurs	Ethylene
	Propylene	Arsine	CO	CO2
	Acetylene	Methanol	Other Oxygenates	H2O

KIN-TEK Solution: KIN-TEK’s FlexStream™ and 491Flex™ Series Laboratory Standards Generator or Span Pac™ I Series Industrial Standards Generator provide calibration standards for all these compounds, using KIN-TEK’s NIST-traceable Trace Source™ disposable or refillable permeation tubes.

Benefits include:

• The standards are generated fresh, eliminating the storage/deterioration problem inherent in gas cyclinders..
• KIN-TEK’s permeation tubes improve the accuracy of the analysis.
• Our instruments easily generate span gases for span checks or multi-point calibrations.

I. Quality Control in Military Applications

Example Problem: A wide range of safety equipment such as gas masks, hazmat suits, etc. are used by military and law enforcement personnel for protection from chemical and biological agents. Effective testing of these materials requires test gas mixtures, bothat toxic levels and safe levels. Toxic levels are used to challenge the safety equipment. Safe levels are used to calibrate analyzers which test for breakthrough.

KIN-TEK Solution: KIN-TEK’s FlexStream™ and 491Flex™ gas standards generators are versatile enough to create the required test atmospheres for both toxic and safe levels.

II. Quality Control in Petrochemical and Refinery Applications

Example Problem: Impurities in polymerization grade Ethylene and propylene. Ethylene and propylene producers are primarily faced with product concerns. The most common impurities are:
COS, H₂S, Total Sulfurs, Ethylene, Propylene, Arsine, CO, CO₂, Acetylene, Methanol, Other, Oxygenates, H₂O

These compounds are monitored both on-line for process control and in the laboratory for product quality. Calibration and routine validation of these systems are primary issues. All of these chemicals are reactive and/or polar, and do not store reliably as static mixtures in cylinders. This makes it extremely difficult, if not impossible, to know the accuracy of the standards being dispensed by these cylinders.

Solution: KIN-TEK’s FlexStream™ and 491Flex™ Laboratory Standards Generators, and Span Pac™ I Series Industrial Standards Generator provide calibration standards for all these compounds, using KIN-TEK’s Trace Source™ disposable and refillable permeation tubes.

Benefits include:

The standards are generated fresh, eliminating the storage/deterioration problem.
KIN-TEK’s permeation tubes improve the accuracy of the analysis.
Our Gas Standards Generator instrumentation perform single-point span checks or multi-point calibrations with ease.