Example Problem: Emissions of hazardous air pollutants (HAPs). In addition to the classical pollutants (SO2 & NO2), petrochemical processes often emit other toxic chemicals via process stacks and as fugitive emissions.  Because these chemicals can affect the environmental quality and health of the surrounding areas, EPA requires monitoring and control of these emissions.  HAPs include HCl, HF, toxic organics, chlorinated compounds and H2S. Process stacks are monitored by on-line Continuous Emissions Monitors (CEMs). Fugitive emissions are monitored by Fence Line Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Systems (FLAAQS).  Frequent calibration and daily validation of these monitors and systems are required by EPA regulations. The toxic chemicals that are being monitored are very reactive and are not stable as cylinder mixtures.  Also when using gas cylinders, EPA procedures require large quantities of gas for each validation, which results in high operating costs. Solution: FlexStream™ Industrial Standards Generator provides standards that are NIST-traceable through physical measurement using permeation tubes.  Because EPA Protocol accepts permeation tube standards, the hazards of using high pressure cylinders is eliminated and the cost is reduced.  Plus using KIN-TEK Trace Source™ disposable and refillable permeation tubes improve the accuracy of the analysis. … [Read more...]